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The cue ball must contact the red ball first on the break (first) shot; on subsequent shots either red or white may be the first ball hit. Great players can avoid or create throw on their shots. Chalk in small cubes is applied uniformly to the cue tip permitting the players to strike the cue ball off centre on purpose in order to impart a spinning motion, called "side" in Great Britain and "English" in the United States. The game is played with three balls, two white and one red, with one of the white balls having a small red dot, or spot, to distinguish it. For such a small physical area of contention, played under well-light with well-defined specifications, the game of pocket billiards has a level of complexity for players at every level. In Samuel Johnson's 1755 dictionary, his definition of "pall-mall" clearly describes a game with similarities to modern croquet: "A play in which the ball is struck with a mallet through an iron ring". If successful, the value of the potted colour is added to the player's score, and the ball is returned to its designated spot on the table.

When a player fails to score, he yields to his opponent, who plays the balls as they have been left. The other principal games are played on tables that have six pockets, one at each corner and one in each of the long sides; these games include English billiards, played with three balls; snooker, played with 21 balls and a cue ball; and pocket billiards, or pool, played with 15 balls and a cue ball. Different forms of the game tend to be played in certain groups of countries or areas of the world, though many of the games cross many national boundaries. The game of English billiards is most popular in Britain and the former empire countries. The game of carom billiards is still played primarily in France and other European countries and to a lesser degree in the United States and has many players in Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and South Korea and in Central America, South America, Africa, and the Middle East. The game is played with 22 balls, made up of one white ball (the cue ball), 15 red balls, and six numbered coloured balls including one yellow 2, one green 3, one brown 4, one blue 5, one pink 6, and one black (valued at 7 points).

Rory McIlroy reacts to a missed birdie putt on the 17th green during the third round of the Masters. Jordan Spieth hits on the second fairway during the first round of the 80th Masters Golf Tournament at the Augusta National Golf Club. In play, the object is to stroke the cue ball so that it hits the two object balls in succession, scoring a carom, or billiard, what is billiards which counts one point. The skill involved consists of developing one scoring stroke after another. Scoring a carom also entitles the player to another shot, and his turn, or inning, continues until he misses, when it becomes his opponent’s turn. A game is usually continued until one player scores an agreed number of points, often 50. Shooting the wrong cue ball incurs a penalty of one point and loss of turn. Two versions of the game are directly governed by the World Croquet Federation, which organises individual and team World Championships. But that is only the case when other balls are small.- When both balls are of the same size, there is no leverage or loss. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.

All billiards games require the basic equipment of a table, cue sticks, and balls. It may be inferred that it developed from a variety of games in which propelling a ball was a main feature. The player must first pocket a red ball and then try to pocket any colour he may choose, scoring the value of the ball that he has pocketed. There are three ways of scoring: (1) the losing hazard, or loser, is a stroke in which the striker’s cue ball is pocketed after contact with another ball; (2) the winning hazard, or pot, is a stroke in which a ball other than the striker’s cue ball is pocketed after contact with another ball; (3) the cannon, or carom, is a scoring sequence in which the striker’s cue ball contacts the two other balls successively or simultaneously. For advanced players, there is the challenge of precise positioning. For the intermediate players, there is the challenge of making the balls and then (somehow) getting the cue ball to a position for another shot. There are also clubs in many universities and colleges, with an annual Varsity match being played between Oxford and Cambridge.