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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties produce distinct flavors. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter flavor profile and are often utilized in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide and accounts for 75% of the global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and are available with a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee can differ significantly based on the growing conditions and processing techniques employed to make it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout inside bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were stimulated by eating the berries. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are in a position to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees, which can be used in various brewing methods. Blending gives you control over the aroma, flavor as well as body and acidity of the coffee and is often preferred in order to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most sought-after type of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee bean shop per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more economical crop to cultivate.

While it might seem contradictory it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's some robusta too.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs while maintaining the quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor you should select the best quality beans from a trusted source. The best method to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped, which makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They are characterized by a smell that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are added to other types of coffee beans (click through the next page) to give them a deeper and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and can grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. You can find the seeds online from many sources, however it's best to purchase them from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile, deep volcano soils with moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a distinct species, but is now classified as a variation of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants that range from 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular option for house blends. They have a less pronounced aroma and caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they still possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact they were regarded as distinct species of luxury coffee beans until 2006 when they were reclassified as an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious taste. They are frequently used to give blends additional body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are known for having more sweetness. They thrive at higher altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They can be a bit acidic. If properly roasted and brewed they may have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee in the world and is responsible for around 40% of all coffee consumed worldwide. These beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you're looking for a silky and delicate taste, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.