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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely aware that different varieties of beans can produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter taste profile and are often utilized in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world with 75% of global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in flavor than Robusta. They are available in a variety of flavour profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are influenced by the conditions in which it is grown and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow within bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energy-rich after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee quickly became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on ethically sourced arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending allows for control over the aroma, flavor and body as well as the acidity of the coffee. It is usually preferred to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most sought-after type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may be grown in less favorable climates. It can withstand warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a efficient crop to grow.

While it might seem contradictory it's true that Robusta beans are often mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee, it's possible that there is also some robusta.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority of roasters use mix the two varieties in order to cut cost and maintain quality. To maintain the integrity of the flavor, it's crucial to select a premium beans from a source you are confident in. The best method to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped, which makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is floral and fruity with the smoky notes. They are added to other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans delivery beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and withstand hot, humid climates. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. It is possible to purchase the seeds online from a number of sources, however it's recommended to purchase locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a separate species, but has been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape grow on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends made at home. They are also lighter in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have a distinctive richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular type of coffee beans online beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be to be a different species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious taste. They're typically used in blends to add extra body and a full tart, ripe fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are known for having a sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They have a little acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee worldwide, and is responsible for 40% of all barista coffee beans consumed around the world. Robusta is rounder and smaller, yet they contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy and woody taste.

Now that you've learned the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth mild flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.